.research-page .research-container {
    max-width: 1180px;
    padding-left: 20px;
    padding-right: 20px;
}

.research-page .research-header {
    max-width: 920px;
    margin: 8px auto 32px auto;
    text-align: center;
}

.research-page .research-eyebrow {
    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #1f4fd8;
}

.research-page .research-title {
    font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 4vw, 3.4rem);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.research-page .research-subtitle {
    max-width: 820px;
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: #4d5561;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.research-page .research-lead {
    max-width: 860px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    font-size: 1.04rem;
    line-height: 1.9;
    color: #4f5560;
}

.research-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 280px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 28px;
    align-items: start;
}

.research-subnav {
    position: sticky;
    top: 28px;
}

.research-subnav-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
    border: 1px solid #e3e7ef;
    border-radius: 24px;
    padding: 24px;
    box-shadow: 0 20px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

.research-subnav-label {
    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #1f4fd8;
}

.research-subnav-summary {
    margin: 0 0 18px 0;
    font-size: 0.94rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: #5a616c;
}

.research-subnav-link {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 56px minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 12px;
    align-items: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #20242b;
    padding: 12px 14px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    background: #f7f9fc;
    transition: transform 0.25s ease, box-shadow 0.25s ease, border-color 0.25s ease, background 0.25s ease;
}

.research-subnav-link + .research-subnav-link {
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.research-subnav-link:hover {
    color: #20242b;
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateX(4px);
    border-color: #cbd9ff;
    background: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 14px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.research-subnav-index {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 3px;
    font-size: 0.69rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #1f4fd8;
}

.research-subnav-title {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.84rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.research-subnav-thumb {
    width: 56px;
    height: 56px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

.research-subnav-content {
    min-width: 0;
}

.research-sections {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 24px;
}

.research-section-card {
    position: relative;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98);
    border: 1px solid #e3e7ef;
    border-radius: 28px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 24px 46px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
}

.research-section-card::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 6px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(31, 79, 216, 0.9), rgba(31, 79, 216, 0.18));
    pointer-events: none;
}

.research-section-body {
    padding: 32px 34px 30px 38px;
}

.research-section-number {
    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #1f4fd8;
}

.research-section-title {
    margin: 0 0 16px 0;
    font-size: 2rem;
    line-height: 1.18;
    color: #1b1d22;
}

.research-section-text {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.88;
    color: #4e5560;
}

.research-highlight-block {
    margin-top: 20px;
    padding-top: 16px;
    border-top: 1px solid #eceff4;
}

.research-highlight-heading {
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #1f4fd8;
}

.research-highlight-list {
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 8px;
}

.research-highlight-list li {
    position: relative;
    padding: 10px 12px 10px 22px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #f7f9fc;
    border: 1px solid #e9eef7;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.52;
    color: #3f4652;
}

.research-highlight-list li::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 10px;
    top: 17px;
    width: 5px;
    height: 5px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #4c8dff;
}

.research-highlight-link {
    display: block;
    color: #1c2738;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.42;
}

.research-highlight-link:hover {
    color: #1f4fd8;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.research-highlight-citation {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 3px;
    font-size: 0.77rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: #67707d;
}

#software .research-highlight-list li {
    min-height: 0;
}

.research-highlight-more {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: 12px;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #1f4fd8;
}

.research-highlight-more:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #153ba6;
}

@media (max-width: 991.98px) {
    .research-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 18px;
    }

    .research-subnav {
        position: static;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 767.98px) {
    .research-page .research-container {
        padding-left: 16px;
        padding-right: 16px;
    }

    .research-page .research-header {
        margin-bottom: 24px;
    }

    .research-page .research-eyebrow {
        font-size: 0.76rem;
        letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    }

    .research-page .research-subtitle,
    .research-page .research-lead {
        font-size: 0.97rem;
        line-height: 1.78;
    }

    .research-subnav-card {
        padding: 20px 18px;
        border-radius: 20px;
    }

    .research-subnav-link {
        grid-template-columns: 48px minmax(0, 1fr);
        gap: 10px;
        padding: 11px 12px;
    }

    .research-subnav-thumb {
        width: 48px;
        height: 48px;
        border-radius: 10px;
    }

    .research-subnav-title {
        font-size: 0.8rem;
    }

    .research-section-card {
        border-radius: 22px;
    }

    .research-section-body {
        padding: 24px 18px 22px 24px;
    }

    .research-section-title {
        font-size: 1.55rem;
    }

    .research-section-text {
        font-size: 0.94rem;
    }

    .research-highlight-list li {
        font-size: 0.84rem;
    }

    .research-highlight-citation {
        font-size: 0.74rem;
    }
}